The recent political events in Belgium have sent shockwaves through the country and the broader European Union. After months of arduous negotiations, a new coalition government has been formed under the leadership of Flemish nationalist Bart De Wever. What this really means is a seismic shift in the balance of power, with a separatist party now at the helm of a major EU member state.
A Nationalist Ascendance
The rise of Flemish nationalism, embodied by De Wever's New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) party, is a complex phenomenon with deep historical roots. As POLITICO reports, the N-VA has long advocated for greater regional autonomy and even outright Flemish independence. Their victory in the 2024 elections, where they became the country's second-largest party, has now propelled them into the driver's seat of Belgian politics.
The bigger picture here is that this reflects a broader trend of nationalist and populist movements gaining ground across Europe. From the UK's Brexit saga to the rise of far-right parties in countries like France and Italy, voters are increasingly drawn to those who promise to put "local" interests first. Belgium is simply the latest battleground in this ideological struggle.
Uncertain Times Ahead
As Bart De Wever assumes the role of prime minister, he will face a daunting set of challenges. Belgium's economy is in a precarious state, with high debt levels and a sluggish recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Reuters reports that the new government will need to implement austerity measures, including pension reforms and limits on unemployment benefits, in order to shore up the country's finances.
At the same time, De Wever's ascension is likely to heighten tensions between Flanders and Wallonia, the country's French-speaking region. The Flemish nationalist agenda has long been viewed with suspicion by many Walloons, who fear it could lead to the breakup of Belgium. Managing these regional divides will be a crucial test for the new prime minister.
Implications for the EU
Beyond Belgium's borders, the rise of Flemish nationalism also has significant implications for the European Union. As CADTM analysis has highlighted, the N-VA's success could embolden other regionalist and secessionist movements across the continent. This could further destabilize the EU at a time when it is already grappling with a range of crises, from the aftermath of the pandemic to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.
Ultimately, the political shakeup in Belgium is a stark reminder that the forces of nationalism and populism remain a potent force in European politics. How Bart De Wever and his government navigate the challenges ahead will not only shape the future of Belgium, but could also have far-reaching consequences for the broader European project.